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Pháo đài Cherven

Cherven is a medieval Bulgarian town, one of the most important military, cultural and ecclesiastical centers of the Second Bulgarian State (12-14 century). It is located near the village of Cherven, 34 km south of Ruse. There are several hypotheses about the origin of the name Red. The most common of these is that the name is derived from the adjective "red". According to another, the name was given by Russian settlers who left their eponymous city in Galicia after the Tatar invasion in the 13th century. There was an early Byzantine fortress in Cherven from the 6th century. After 1018, when Bulgaria was finally included in the boundaries of the Byzantine Empire, the early Byzantine fortifications on the Red Hill attracted the attention of the new rulers. The surviving fortress walls have been repaired and complied with their fortification requirements. In the history of Cherven during the Second Bulgarian Kingdom there was both a rise and a decline. In 1230 there was a strong earthquake, which caused damage throughout Eastern Europe, and in Cherven caused a fire and large-scale destruction. In 1235 the town became the seat of the Medieval Bulgarian Red Diocese. It is known that in the spring of 1242 part of the retreating Tatar army moved along the valley of the river Rusenski Lom, leaving behind a general destruction. Also in the 13th century (according to Manuel Phil), the Byzantine military leader Michael the Great Tarkhaniot conquered the city in a campaign against Tsar Ivailo. In the 14th century the territory of the town exceeded 1.8 km², with a well-defined infrastructure, including a fortified town, situated on a vast rocky hill along the river Cherni Lom. A number of crafts have been developed: mining and processing of iron, goldsmithing, construction, arts, household and other crafts, which makes it an important commercial center. At the end of the 14th century, together with the rest of the Bulgarian lands, it fell under Ottoman rule and was devastated. Legends and some historical sources indicate that many of the inhabitants of the large and prosperous city in the Middle Ages migrated to the settlement, known in Roman times as Sexaginta Prista, during the Ottoman rule - Ruschuk, and today - the city of Ruse.

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Pháo đài Cherven

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Cherven is a medieval Bulgarian town, one of the most important military, cultural and ecclesiastical centers of the Second Bulgarian State (12-14 century). It is located near the village of Cherven, 34 km south of Ruse. There are several hypotheses about the origin of the name Red. The most common of these is that the name is derived from the adjective "red". According to another, the name was given by Russian settlers who left their eponymous city in Galicia after the Tatar invasion in the 13th century. There was an early Byzantine fortress in Cherven from the 6th century. After 1018, when Bulgaria was finally included in the boundaries of the Byzantine Empire, the early Byzantine fortifications on the Red Hill attracted the attention of the new rulers. The surviving fortress walls have been repaired and complied with their fortification requirements. In the history of Cherven during the Second Bulgarian Kingdom there was both a rise and a decline. In 1230 there was a strong earthquake, which caused damage throughout Eastern Europe, and in Cherven caused a fire and large-scale destruction. In 1235 the town became the seat of the Medieval Bulgarian Red Diocese. It is known that in the spring of 1242 part of the retreating Tatar army moved along the valley of the river Rusenski Lom, leaving behind a general destruction. Also in the 13th century (according to Manuel Phil), the Byzantine military leader Michael the Great Tarkhaniot conquered the city in a campaign against Tsar Ivailo. In the 14th century the territory of the town exceeded 1.8 km², with a well-defined infrastructure, including a fortified town, situated on a vast rocky hill along the river Cherni Lom. A number of crafts have been developed: mining and processing of iron, goldsmithing, construction, arts, household and other crafts, which makes it an important commercial center. At the end of the 14th century, together with the rest of the Bulgarian lands, it fell under Ottoman rule and was devastated. Legends and some historical sources indicate that many of the inhabitants of the large and prosperous city in the Middle Ages migrated to the settlement, known in Roman times as Sexaginta Prista, during the Ottoman rule - Ruschuk, and today - the city of Ruse.